Having positive psychological capital of human resources in health institutions can make important contributions to the improvement of performance. The aim of this study is to determine the relationships between emotional labor, psychological capital and organizational deviation. For this purpose, a questionnaire was applied to 278 healthcare professionals, physicians and nurses working in a public hospital. Frequency, mean, correlation and multiple regression analysis were used to evaluate the data. In the research findings, it was determined that there are relationships between emotional labor, psychological capital and organizational deviation. It has been determined that superficial role playing increases organizational deviation behaviors, and in general positive psychological capital increases emotional labor utilization and decreases organizational deviation behaviors. As a result, it may be suggested to take measures to improve human resources management practices that will contribute to the increase of positive psychological capital of physicians and nurses, and to reduce superficial role-playing behaviors and organizational deviation behaviors.